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1.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 49: e20223400, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406733

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: stroke etiology is ischemia in 85%, and in circa 25% of these, the source is the extracranial carotid. Recurrence is frequent and usually more severe. Carotid revascularization prevents new ischemic strokes. The sooner the treatment is undertaken, complete recovery chances are greater with less recurrences. But, historically, intervention in the acute setting was catastrophic. Objective: Identify determinants of success when carotid revascularization after a recent cerebral ischemic event is performed. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 50 subjects underwent carotid revascularization after ischemic symptoms, within a period of 71 months. The currently diagnostic tools were used, and the symptoms stratified by the Rankin scale. The extension of the cerebral lesion and the source location the source of the event was analyzed. Results: indications were based on the Rankin Scale (R0: 35.4%; R1: 45.8%; R2:18.8% and R3: zero), on the location of the source and the absence of ischemic areas greater than 15mm. An early surgical approach was adopted in all patients. Extreme care was applied to control arterial pressure. At discharge, no additional deficits were observed. Conclusions: carotid revascularization after ischemic events can be achieved without additional morbidity and no recurrences, using the most appropriate therapy in the shortest time, in patients with Rankin Scale up to 2, absence of intracranial hemorrhage and single or multiple ischemic intracerebral areas, with 15mm or less in their greater dimension.


RESUMO Introdução: isquemia é a etiologia do acidente vascular cerebral em 85% dos casos e em cerca de 25% destes, a fonte é a carótida extracraniana. Recorrência é frequente e usualmente mais grave que a inicial. A revascularização carotídea previne novos acidentes. Quanto mais cedo for realizado o tratamento, maiores as chances de recuperação e menor o risco de recorrência. Mas, historicamente, os resultados das intervenções precoces eram catastróficos. Objetivos: identificar determinantes de sucesso da revascularização carotídea após um evento isquêmico cerebral recente. Materiais e Métodos: uma coorte de 50 pacientes foi submetida à revascularização carotídea após sintomas isquêmicos, em um período de 71 meses. Foram empregados os métodos de investigação atuais e os sintomas estratificados pela Escala de Rankin. A extensão das lesões cerebrais e a fonte do evento foram estudados e analisados. Resultados: as indicações foram baseadas na escala de Rankin (R0: 35.4%; R1: 45.8%; R2: 18.8% e R3: zero), na localização da fonte e na ausência de áreas isquêmicas com menos de 15mm. Uma abordagem cirúrgica precoce foi empregada em todos os pacientes. Cuidados extremos com a pressão arterial foram aplicados. Na alta hospitalar, nenhum déficit adicional foi observado. Conclusões: a revascularização carotídea após eventos isquêmicos pode ser realizada sem morbidade adicional ou recorrências, empregando a terapêutica mais apropriada no período de tempo mais curto, em pacientes classificados como Rankin até 2, na ausência de hemorragia intracraniana e com áreas isquêmicas intracerebrais únicas ou múltiplas, com menos de 15mm em sua maior dimensão.

2.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 40(1): 107-112, 29/06/2021.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362261

ABSTRACT

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic syndrome which typically presents with neurological manifestations. Some of the patients may also present with vasculopathies, among which arterial aneurysms and stenosis are the most common. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has rarely been described, and, to the best of our knowledge, the present is the first report of DVT due to venous compression by a neurofibroma in the setting of NF1. This is the case of a 23-year-old male with NF1 who experienced DVT due to compression of the left posterior tibial veins by a large tumor arising from the tibial nerve. The DVT was acutely treated with enoxaparin and then with rivaroxaban. Two months after the diagnosis, Doppler ultrasonography showed partial recanalization and persistence of the DVT. The patient was then referred to neurosurgery for surgical resection of the tumor. There were no complications during the procedure, and the patient did not present postoperative neurological deficits. The final histopathological diagnosis was of a benign neurofibroma. After one year of follow-up with vascular surgery, the patient presented no more episodes of DVT. In case there is a tumor compressing the deep vessels of the leg and promoting DVT, surgical resection with microsurgical techniques may be curative.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Neurofibromatosis 1/surgery , Neurofibromatosis 1/complications , Venous Thrombosis/etiology , Venous Thrombosis/drug therapy , Neurofibromatosis 1/diagnostic imaging , Enoxaparin/therapeutic use , Ultrasonography, Doppler/methods , Venous Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Neurofibroma/surgery
3.
Arq. bras. neurocir ; 37(3): 182-189, 2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362891

ABSTRACT

The dissemination of specialty hospitals throughout the urban centers has revolutionized the full spectrum of care for cardiology, oncology and orthopedics during the last decades. To centralize care, from translational and basic research to clinicians and surgeons, in the same dedicated institution leads to a decrease in complications rates, mortality and possible reductions in the length of hospital stays. Moreover, there has been a significant impact on hospital costs and on the quality of care. The Insituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN, in the Portuguese acronym) was opened in June 2013 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is the very first high-volume neurosurgical institution in the country. The core foundation of this institution is that the anesthesiologists, intensive care practitioners, nurses, pathologists, radiologists and rehabilitation staffs are trained and live the full management of neurosurgical lesions at the same facility on a daily basis. The present paper seeks to analyze the circumstances in which the institution was planned and opened as well as its complexity, infrastructure and initial results following its first 24 months of operation.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 21st Century , Structure of Services , Health Human Resource Training , Hospitals, Public/organization & administration , Hospitals, Special/organization & administration , Neurosurgery/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Laboratories, Hospital , Emergency Service, Hospital , Health Postgraduate Programs , Hospitals, Special/history , Intensive Care Units
4.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 61(3A): 682-686, Sept. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-345785

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To call attention to an unusual complication of decompressive haemicraniectomy in the treatment of malignant haemispheric infarction. METHOD: We describe a case in which partial decompression occurred despite large craniectomy. Complete decompression followed resection of the temporal muscle. Pertinent literature is briefly reviewed. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 55-year old woman developed massive right middle cerebral artery infarction evolving to cerebral haerniation in 40 hours. Decompressive haemicraniectomy without cortical excision was unable to revert coma and decerebrate posturing because of a massive temporal muscle haemorrhage with persistent contralateral deviation of midline structures. Muscle resection was followed by adequate external haerniation of the affected haemisphere and fast recovery. Cranioplasty was succesfully performed 22 days later, following gradual regression of cerebral oedema. CONCLUSION: There is an increasing perception of the need to operate patients with massive middle cerebral or internal carotid artery territory infarctions before the development of coma and cerebral haerniation. The most common factor leading to inadequate surgical decompression is small size craniectomy. The case reported calls attention to temporal muscle bleeding as an additional complication of craniectomy


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Brain Edema , Cerebral Infarction , Craniotomy , Decompression, Surgical , Hematoma , Brain Edema , Craniotomy , Decompression, Surgical , Intracranial Pressure , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Reoperation , Risk Factors , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 58(4): 1133-7, Dec. 2000.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-273858

ABSTRACT

Relatamos a associaçäo impar entre esclerose múltipla (EM), tumor medular e tumor intracraniano em uma paciente de 63 anos de idade e com EM há dez anos com evoluçäo em surtos de remissäo e exacerbaçäo. Havia melhora dos sintomas com o uso de corticosteráides. Em 1997 apresentou paraparesia crural e do membro superior direito, de instalaçäo progressiva e que näo respondeu à corticoterapia. A ressonância magnética da coluna cervical evidenciou tumor intramedular, que se revelou um ependimoma, e a do crânio, a presença de meningioma parietal à esquerda. Ressaltamos a associaçäo incomum entre tumores do sistema nervoso central e EM e enfatizamos a necessidade de investigaçäo clínica e por imagem diante de uma manifestaçäo ou evoluçäo clínica incomum no curso da doença


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Brain Neoplasms/complications , Ependymoma/complications , Meningioma/complications , Multiple Sclerosis/complications , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/complications , Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Ependymoma/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Meningioma/diagnosis , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/diagnosis
6.
Rev. bras. clín. ter ; 24(1): 40-2, jan. 1997. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-208234

ABSTRACT

Apresentamos o caso de uma menina de 15 anos que foi enviada inicialmente ao Serviço de Neurocirurgia com diagnóstico de macroadenoma hipofisário näo funcionante, por apresentar lesäo expansiva em regiäo selar à RNM e näo ter qualquer sintoma ou sinal de hipersecreçäo hormonal. Feito o diagnóstico de hipotireoidismo e iniciada reposiçäo de L-tiroxina (na dose diária de até 150 mcg) com normalizaçäo da funçäo tireoidiana, nova RNM mostrou regressäo da imagem hipofisária. Este caso demonstra que em qualquer lesäo suspeita da regiäo hipotálamo-hipofisária deve ser realizada avaliaçäo hormonal completa antes do envio à cirurgia.


Subject(s)
Female , Adolescent , Humans , Hypothyroidism/diagnosis , Hypothyroidism/drug therapy , Pituitary Neoplasms/complications , Preoperative Care , Prolactin , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Thyrotropin , Thyroxine
7.
J. bras. med ; 64(4): 237-8, abr. 1993. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-188227

ABSTRACT

Descrevemos o caso de um menino com três anos de idade e puberdade precoce central por tumor hipotalâmico (hamartoma). O diagnóstico de processo expansivo do sistema nervoso central foi estabelecido pela tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética de crânio. As alteraçöes hormonais mais importantes na investigaçäo foram a elevaçäo do nível sérico de testosterona e a resposta das gonadotrofinas ao hormônio liberador das gonadotrofinas (GnRH). O tratamento com o agonista do GnRH, após a cirurgia, tornou-se útil para bloquear a progressäo da precocidade central.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Hypothalamic Diseases/complications , Hypothalamic Neoplasms/complications , Puberty, Precocious/etiology , Testosterone/blood , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood , Follow-Up Studies , Luteinizing Hormone/blood , Hypothalamic Neoplasms/surgery , Hypothalamic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Puberty, Precocious/blood
8.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 48(2): 210-6, jun. 1990. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-85467

ABSTRACT

Num período de 10 anos, 53 pacientes com espasmo hemifacial foram submetidos a 54 procedimentos de descompressäo microvascular da raiz do facial, na fossa posterior. A técnica empregada foi a mesma desenvolvida por Jannetta e o resultado cirúrgico inicial foi considerado excelente em 91% dos casos. O follow-up variou de 60 dias a 7 anos, com 40 pacientes acompanhados por mais de 2 anos e 16, por mais de 5 anos. Apenas um apciente apresentou recidiva dos espasmos. Näo houve óbito e as complicaçöes näo foram importantes, sendo, em sua maioria, transitórias e relacionadas à VII e VII raízes. Em 4 pacientes näo encontramos compressäo da raiz. Concluimos que, quaisquer sejam as causas do espasmo hemifacial ou mecanismos de açäo da cirurgia, os resultados da descompressäo microvascular säo excelentes, a curto e longo prazo, e superiores aos obtidos pelas demais formas de tratamento clínico ou cirúrgico


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Facial Muscles , Spasm/surgery , Facial Muscles/physiopathology , Follow-Up Studies , Postoperative Complications , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Spasm/physiopathology
9.
Ars cvrandi ; 20(3): 82, 86-6, 88, abr. 1987. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-65053

ABSTRACT

Refere que o traumatismo cranioencefalixo e uma das principais causas de morte e invalidez nas grandes cidades. Mostra os principais tipos de lesoes sugerindo metodos de avaliaçao e a conduta indicada em cada caso


Subject(s)
Brain Injuries
10.
Ars cvrandi ; 18(6): 91-106, jul. 1985. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-30303

ABSTRACT

Säo analisados os diferentes aspectos etiopatogênicos, clínicos, laboratoriais, radiológicos e terapêuticos da acromegalia à luz de 26 casos observados durante cinco anos pelos autores


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Acromegaly
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